Star activity of restriction enzymes
There are some restriction enzymes which cleave partially different base sequence than recognition sequence as a result of reduced specificity when used in a large excess to substrate DNA. This phenomenon is called Star Activity. The list of enzymes for which Star Activity is noticed are shown below and the conditions to accelerate its appearance, and the base sequences cleaved by Star Activity for which such reports are available.
| Restriction enzyme | Nomal recognition sequence* | Reaction conditions** | Recognition sequence* | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aat II | GACGT↓C | E | 22 | |
| Aor13H I | T↓CCGGA | A, C, E | 22 | |
| Ava I | C↓YCGRG | A, E | 1 | |
| Ava II | G↓GWCC | A, E | 22 | |
| BamH I | G↓GATCC | A, B, E, F | GRATCC GGNTCC GGANCC GGATYC |
1, 2, 3, 4 |
| Ban II | GRGCY↓C | A, E, F | 22 | |
| Bgl I | GCCNNNN↓NGGC | F | 22 | |
| Bgl II | A↓GATCT | E | 22 | |
| BmeT110 I | C↓YCGRG | E | ||
| BspT104 I | TT↓CGAA | A, E | 22 | |
| BstP I | G↓GTNACC | A, F | 22 | |
| Bst1107 I | GTA↓TAC | F | 22 | |
| Eam1105 I | GACNNN↓NNGTC | A, C, F | 22 | |
| EcoO65 I | G↓GTNACC | E, F | 22 | |
| EcoR I | G↓AATTC | A, B, E, F | NAATTN | 4, 8, 9, 10, 11 |
| EcoR V | GAT↓ATC | E |
RATATC GNTATC GANATC GATNTC GATANC GATATY |
12, 22 |
| EcoT22 I | ATGCA↓T | F, H | 22 | |
| Fba I | T↓GATCA | A, C, E, F | 22 | |
| Hae III | GG↓CC | A | 1 | |
| Hha I | GCG↓C | A, E | 4 | |
| Hinc II | GTY↓RAC | E | 22 | |
| Hind III | A↓AGCTT | B, E |
RAGCTT ANGCTT AAKCTT AAGMTT AAGCNT AAGCTY |
10,13,22 |
| Hpa I | GTT↓AAC | A, E | 1, 22 | |
| Kpn I | GGTAC↓C | E | 22 | |
| Mun I | C↓AATTG | A, F | 22 | |
| Nco I | C↓CATGG | A, E | 22 | |
| Nhe I | G↓CTAGC | A, C, E, F | 22 | |
| Psp1406 I | AA↓CGTT | E | 22 | |
| Pst I | CTGCA↓G | A, E | 1, 4, 22 | |
| Pvu II | CAG↓CTG | A, E |
NAGCTG CNGCTG CANCTG CAGNTG CAGCNG CAGCTN |
15,16,22 |
| Sac I | GAGCT↓C | A, E | 22 | |
| Sal I | G↓TCGAC | A, E | 4, 22 | |
| Sau3A I | ↓GATC | A, E |
SATC GMTC GAKC GATS |
17, 22 |
| Sca I | AGT↓ACT | B, C, F | 21 | |
| Sfi I | GGCCNNNN↓NGGCC | B, E | 22 | |
| Smi I | ATTT↓AAAT | A, B, C, E | 22 | |
| Spe I | A↓CTAGT | D, F | 22 | |
| Sse8387 I | CCTGCA↓GG | D, F | 22 | |
| Ssp I | AAT↓ATT | A, C, E, F | 22 | |
| Taq I | T↓CGA | A, C, F | 22 | |
| Tth111 I | GACN↓NNGTC | B, C, G |
NACNNNGTC GNCNNNGTC GANNNNGTC GACNNNNTC GACNNNGNC GACNNNGTN |
19 |
| Van91 I | CCANNNN↓NTGG | A | 22 | |
| VpaK11B I | G↓GWCC | A, C, E, F | 22 | |
| Xba I | T↓CTAGA | A, E | 1, 4 |
| *M: | A or C |
| K: | G or T |
| N: | A or C or G or T |
| R: | A or G |
| Y: | C or T |
| W: | A or T |
| S: | G or C |
| **A: | in the presence of high level glycerol |
| B: | in the presence of Mn2+ |
| C: | alkaline pH |
| D: | low pH |
| E: | in the presence of DMSO |
| F: | low ionic strength |
| G: | high ionic strength |
| H: | in the presence of 2-mercaptoethanol |
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